1. Annotating
One of the first strategies to begin with is annotating a text. When you
annotate, you underline important parts of the text, such as the thesis
statement, topic sentences of body paragraphs and explanatory
material. It may include encircling important words and even writing
comments or questions as you read the text.
2. Contextualizing
When you contextualize a text, you place it within its original historical
or cultural context. As a reader you should try to identify this context and consider how this context differs from your own. To do this, you
need to consider the following:
a. Language or ideas that appear foreign or out of date.
b. Your knowledge of the time and place in which the work was
written.
c. The effect these differences have on your understanding and
judgment of the reading.
3. Reflecting on challenges to your beliefs and values
Sometimes our beliefs about an issue are difficult to express because
they are so ingrained. We can discover these beliefs if we will explore on
the challenges that the text post on us. Is the value presented challenge
your own value or beliefs? Does it contradict on your beliefs? Do you
feel disturbed after reading such text?
4. Paraphrasing
When you paraphrase a text, you put it into your own words. This can
clarify a difficult or ambiguous passage. Unlike a summary, a
paraphrase contains all the original information. The purpose of a
paraphrase is to simplify without changing any information. You are
not changing what is said, but how it is said.
5. Outlining
This can be used as a preliminary to summarizing. Outlining allows you
to identify the basic structure of a text and the main ideas of the text.
In an outline you are listing the main ideas and supporting evidence of
a text. Use your own words when outlining a text.
6. Summarizing
Summarizing creates a new text by synthesizing the material of the
original. After outlining the text, the information is put together again
in your own words.
7. Exploring the figurative language
Similes, metaphors, and symbols are all examples of figurative
language. This type of language helps writers illustrate their points and
get the type of reaction they want from the reader.
8. Evaluating the logic of an argument
The two parts of an argument are claim and support. The claim is what
the writer wants the reader to accept. That is, the claim is the idea,
opinion, or point of view of the writer. The support is the reasons and
evidence that becomes the basis for that claim.